问题现象
应用/元服务如何实现一个全局可调用的弹窗？
背景知识
windowStage为窗口管理器，管理各个基本窗口单元。
通过CustomDialogController类显示自定义弹窗，需要使用@CustomDialog定义弹窗内容。调用弹窗时，需要new CustomDialogController()，并将@CustomDialog作为CustomDialogControllerOptions中的builder参数传入。
openCustomDialog用于创建并弹出dialogContent对应的自定义弹窗。
解决方案
实现一个全局可调用弹窗，可通过如下三种方式实现：
方案一：实现全局可调用弹窗推荐使用：不依赖UI组件的全局自定义弹出框 (openCustomDialog)，示例请参考完整示例。
方案二：可使用子窗口方式实现全局可调用弹窗，实现方式如下：
在EntryAbility.ets中通过AppStorage获取窗口管理器用于后续获取Window实例实现子窗口的创建与销毁，代码如下：
import { ConfigurationConstant, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';
const DOMAIN = 0x0000;
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(): void {
try {
this.context.getApplicationContext().setColorMode(ConfigurationConstant.ColorMode.COLOR_MODE_NOT_SET);
} catch (err) {
hilog.error(DOMAIN, 'testTag', 'Failed to set colorMode. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err));
}
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onCreate');
}
onDestroy(): void {
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onDestroy');
}
onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {
AppStorage.setOrCreate('windowStage', windowStage);
windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err) => {
if (err.code) {
hilog.error(DOMAIN, 'testTag', 'Failed to load the content. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err));
return;
}
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', 'Succeeded in loading the content.');
});
}
onWindowStageDestroy(): void {
// Main window is destroyed, release UI related resources
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onWindowStageDestroy');
}
onForeground(): void {
// Ability has brought to foreground
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onForeground');
}
onBackground(): void {
// Ability has back to background
hilog.info(DOMAIN, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onBackground');
}
};
SubWindow.ets页面封装打开弹窗createMySubWindowFun方法，通过createSubWindow实现弹窗的弹出，使用setUIContent设置SubPage页面为子窗口加载的具体页面内容，通过moveWindowTo、resize等方法设置子窗口样式。封装deleteMySubWindowFun方法通过destroyWindow实现弹窗的关闭。代码如下：
import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
// 获取windowStage
let windowStage = AppStorage.get('windowStage') as window.WindowStage;
let windowClass: window.Window | undefined = undefined;
export class mySubWindow {
createMySubWindowFun(subWindowName: string) {
// 创建子窗口
windowStage.createSubWindow(subWindowName, (err: BusinessError, data) => {
windowClass = data;
data.setUIContent('pages/SubPage', () => {
// 设置子窗口左上角坐标
data.moveWindowTo(150, 300);
// 设置子窗口大小
data.resize(1000, 1000);
// 展示子窗口
data.showWindow();
});
});
}
deleteMySubWindowFun() {
if (windowClass) {
windowClass.destroyWindow();
}
}
}
SubPage.ets页面用于展示子窗页面内容，代码如下：
// 子窗口显示页面
import { mySubWindow } from '../utils/SubWindow';
@Entry
@Component
struct SubPage {
mySubWindow: mySubWindow = new mySubWindow();
build() {
Column() {
Text('子窗口页面')
.fontSize(40)
.margin({ top: 30 });
Button('点击关闭')
.onClick(() => {
this.mySubWindow.deleteMySubWindowFun();
})
.margin({ top: 100 });
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%');
}
}
Index.ets页面使用方式通过引入SubWindow页面，通过调用封装的createMySubWindowFun方法实现弹窗的打开，代码如下：
import { mySubWindow } from '../utils/SubWindow';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
mySubWindow: mySubWindow = new mySubWindow();
build() {
RelativeContainer() {
Text('点击打开弹窗')
.id('HelloWorld')
.fontSize(30)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.alignRules({
center: { anchor: 'container', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
middle: { anchor: 'container', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
})
.onClick(() => {
this.mySubWindow.createMySubWindowFun('mySubWindow');
});
}
.height('100%')
.width('100%')
.backgroundColor('#F1F3F5');
}
}
运行效果图如下：
点击放大
方案三：通过自定义弹窗(CustomDialog)封装成自定义组件的方式：
封装弹窗控制方法Dialog.ets，使用@watch监听外部传入的变量变化，通过CustomDialogController控制弹窗的显示隐藏，代码如下：
import { CustomDialogView } from './CustomDialogView';
@Component
export struct Dialog {
// 监听外部传入的visible变量，visible值发生变化时触发onChange回调函数
@Watch('onChange') @Link visible: boolean;
onCancel?: () => void;
onConfirm?: () => void;
// 通过CustomDialogController的builder参数绑定弹窗组件CustomDialogView
private controller = new CustomDialogController({
builder: CustomDialogView({
visible: $visible,
onCancel: this.onCancel,
onConfirm: this.onConfirm,
}),
autoCancel: false,
alignment: DialogAlignment.Center,
});
// 当visible的值变化时触发回调
onChange(): void {
if (this.visible) {
this.controller.open();
} else {
this.controller.close();
}
}
// 二次封装的Dialog组件主要通过控制器控制弹窗，不需要任何界面
build() {
}
}
封装弹窗视图页面CustomDialogView.ets，作用于弹窗中作为展示页面，代码如下：
@CustomDialog
export struct CustomDialogView {
@Link visible: boolean;
controller: CustomDialogController;
// 弹窗交互事件参数，点击确认和取消按钮时的回调函数
onCancel?: () => void;
onConfirm?: () => void;
build() {
Column() {
Text('自定义弹窗')
.margin({ top: 20, bottom: 40 });
Button('点击关闭弹窗').onClick(() => {
// 重置弹窗显隐参数
this.visible = false;
// 关闭弹窗
this.controller.close();
});
}
.width('100%')
.height(200)
.backgroundColor(Color.White);
}
}
使用弹窗页面CustomDialog.ets，通过给引入的Dialog组件传入visible控制弹窗的弹出，代码如下：
import { Dialog } from './Dialog';
@Entry
@Component
export struct CustomDialog {
// 外部定义visible变量作为弹窗组件入参，控制弹窗显隐
@State visible: boolean = false;
build() {
Column({ space: 20 }) {
Button('点击打开弹窗')
// 点击修改visible变量后，visible的值可以被Dialog组件监听并响应
.onClick(() => this.visible = !this.visible)
.margin({ top: 40 });
// 通过双向绑定visible变量，实现外部控制弹窗
Dialog({
visible: $visible,
});
}
.width('100%');
}
}
运行效果图如下：
点击放大
总结
实现全局可调用弹窗可通过openCustomDialog、子窗口与自定义弹窗方式实现，openCustomDialog通过ComponentContent封装内容可以与UI界面解耦，调用更加灵活，可以满足开发者的封装诉求，优先推荐使用。子窗口方式需要使用页面当作弹窗内容且需要获取窗口管理器，代码复杂性较高。自定义弹窗方式与调用UI界面耦合性较高也不建议使用。
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