无论屏幕分辨率或密度如何，组件的视觉效果保持一致。

vp具体计算公式为：vp= px/(DPI/160)

px 是屏幕的真实物理像素值，densityDPI 通常指系统屏幕密度，densityPixels是屏幕密度与标准DPI的比率，常见取值有 0.75、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0 等。在HarmonyOS中，标准DPI为160。以华为Mate 40 Pro为例，densityDPI为 560，densityPixels为3.5。要查看真机的DPI，可以调用屏幕属性中的display接口查询。

import { display } from '@kit.ArkUI';

let displayClass: display.Display | null = null;
try {
displayClass = display.getDefaultDisplaySync();
} catch (exception) {
console.error('Failed to obtain the default display object. Code: ' + JSON.stringify(exception));
}
AdaptiveForDifferentmMachines.ets
如果原型图没有提供vp单位的布局，开发者可以根据densityPixels把px转为vp，HarmonyOS也封装了现成的接口px2vp()和vp2px()供开发者直接调用。

参考链接

像素单位，@ohos.display (屏幕属性)
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问题现象
使用Navigation构建路由，从pageOne通过pushPath跳转到pageTwo，期望pageOne的onPop回调在pageTwo返回时被触发，但效果未达预期。

问题代码示例参考如下：

class ParamWithOp {
operation: number = 1
count: number = 10
}

@Entry
@Component
struct PageOne {
pageInfo: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();
@State message: string = 'Hello World'

@Builder
pageMap(name: string, params: Object) {
if (name === 'pageTwo') {
PageTwo()
}
}

build() {
Navigation(this.pageInfo) {
Column() {
Text(this.message)
.width('80%')
.height(50)
.margin(10)

    Button('pushPath', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })  
      .width('80%')  
      .height(40)  
      .margin(10)  
      .onClick(() => {  
        // 将name指定的NavDestination页面信息入栈，传递的数据为param，添加接收处理结果的onPop回调。  
        this.pageInfo.pushPath({  
          name: 'pageTwo', param: new ParamWithOp(), onPop: (popInfo: PopInfo) => {  
            this.message = `[pushPath]last page is: ${popInfo.info.name} result: ${JSON.stringify(popInfo.result)}`  
          }  
        });  
      })  
  }.width('100%').height('100%')  
}.navDestination(this.pageMap)  
.title('pageOne')  

}
}

@Component
struct PageTwo {
pathStack: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()

build() {
NavDestination() {
Column() {
Button('pop', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.margin(20)
.onClick(() => {
// 回退到上一个页面，此处代码，在pop回pageOne页面时，未传参数
this.pathStack.pop();
})
}.width('100%').height('100%')
}.title('pageTwo')
.onReady((context: NavDestinationContext) => {
this.pathStack = context.pathStack
})
}
}
效果预览
点击放大

背景知识
Navigation组件是路由导航的根视图容器，结合导航控制器NavPathStack可实现组件导航。

pushPath：将info指定的NavDestination页面信息入栈。可设置onPop回调函数来接收参数。
pop：弹出路由栈栈顶元素，并触发onPop回调传入页面处理结果。
问题定位
点击放大

查阅官方文档关于pushPath方法的NavPathInfo入参说明，其中的onPop回调函数仅pop、popToName、popToIndex中设置result参数后触发。

分析结论
onPop回调函数需要使用pop、popToName、popToIndex方法返回时设置result参数才会触发，否则不会执行onPop回调。

修改建议
按上节所述，只需在pageTwo中调用pop方法时，传入result参数，即可在pageOne中成功收到onPop的回调。修改问题代码如下：

// 回退到上一个页面，随便传个result即可触发onPop回调
this.pathStack.pop(1);
修改后的运行效果参见效果预览，可以看到，当pageTwo调用pop返回时传入了result参数，在pageOne成功执行了onPop回调，并接收到相关参数。
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build.gradle.kts新增
buildConfigField("String", "UTSRegisterProviders", "\"[{\\"name\\":\\"weixin\\",\\"service\\":\\"oauth\\",\\"class\\":\\"uts.sdk.modules.DCloudUniOauthWeixin.UniOAuthWeixinProviderImpl\\"},{\\"name\\":\\"weixin\\",\\"service\\":\\"share\\",\\"class\\":\\"uts.sdk.modules.DCloudUniShareWeixin.UniShareWeixinProviderImpl\\"}]\"")

有些要看旧版才能知道新版里的东西，那写新版有个单用呀，你直接更新旧版你就行啦，还弄个新版，那不得看两遍呀，真的是一坨

问题现象
场景一：如何实现V1版本组件向V2版本组件传递与共享数据？

场景二：如何实现V2版本组件向V1版本组件传递与共享数据？

背景知识
状态管理（V1）：ArkUI状态管理V1提供了多种装饰器，通过使用这些装饰器，状态变量不仅可以观察组件内的改变，还可以在不同组件层级间传递，比如父子组件、跨组件层级，也可以观察全局范围内的变化。
状态管理（V2）：为了增强状态管理V1版本的部分能力，例如深度观察、属性级更新等，ArkUI推出状态管理V2供开发者使用。
在实现V1、V2版本之间父子组件的数据传递与共享的功能前，应先了解V1、V2版本混用的规则：
API19前，详见官方文档状态管理V1和V2混用指导（API version 19前）：概述、限制条件。
API19后，详见官方文档状态管理V1和V2混用指导（API version 19及之后）：限制条件。
UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility：API19新增的方法，用于实现V1版本的数据可以在V2版本中使用的能力。若想要将V2版本的数据传递到V1版本的子组件，可以通过将V1版本的数据声明在V2版本的组件中，然后传递给V1版本的子组件使用。
解决方案
根据混用规则总结可实现的方案如下：

传递方向

API

方案

实现方式

V1->V2

API 19以后

使用UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility

在V1组件向V2组件传递参数时，通过UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility方法把V1的数据转化为能被V2装饰器@Param装饰器接收的数据。

API 19以前

使用AppStorage/AppStorageV2

使用AppStorageV2.connect传递。

使用参数传递

方式一：在V1组件内直接声明V2装饰器装饰的实例，不使用V1装饰器初始化，该实例可直接传递给V2版本的子组件。

方式二：创建一个不带任何装饰器装饰的类，内部再嵌套一个V2装饰器装饰的类。

方式三：在V1组件内通过V1版本装饰器声明的变量，在传递至V2版本的子组件时，用“{}”在外部构造为新的对象后，再传递给V2版本子组件。

V2->V1

API 19以后

使用UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility

在V2组件向V1组件传递参数时，通过UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility方法将V1版本@Observed装饰器装饰的类转化为能被@Local装饰器直接声明的数据。

API 19以前

使用AppStorage/AppStorageV2

使用AppStorageV2.connect传递。

使用参数传递

方式一：在V2组件内直接声明V1装饰器装饰的实例，不使用V2装饰器初始化，该实例可直接传递给V1版本的子组件。

方式二：创建一个不带任何装饰器装饰的类，内部再嵌套一个V2装饰器装饰的类。

方式三：在V2组件内通过V2版本装饰器声明的变量，在传递至V1版本的子组件时，用“{}”在外部构造为新的对象后，再传递给V1版本子组件。

场景一：实现V1版本组件向V2版本组件传递与共享数据。
方案一：API19及以后，使用UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility方法，详情参考官网链接：V1中使用V2的自定义组件。
方案二：全局获取方式，通过AppStorage/AppStorageV2实现，适用于API19以前，API19以后建议使用方案一。实现思路如下：
由于AppStorage中的@StorageLink只能在V1组件中使用，所以AppStorage在V1向V2传递的场景下，V2版本的子组件不能自动同步更新，只能通过AppStorage.get手动获取。建议通过AppStorageV2实现V1版本组件向V2版本组件传递与共享数据的功能。
在使用AppStorageV2时，可以搭配@ObservedV2/@Trace实现深度观测。
由于AppStorageV2和@ObservedV2/@Trace是V2版本的装饰器，所以他们修饰的数据在V1子组件内初始化时，不能用V1的装饰器装饰。
完整示例代码如下：
import { AppStorageV2 } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@ObservedV2
class V1ToV2ExampleTwo {
@Trace text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

@Entry
@Component
struct V1ToV2Two {
exampleAppStorageV2: V1ToV2ExampleTwo =
AppStorageV2.connect<V1ToV2ExampleTwo>(V1ToV2ExampleTwo, () => new V1ToV2ExampleTwo('1'))!; // 不可直接使用V1装饰器装饰

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V1父组件，AppStorageV2:${this.exampleAppStorageV2.text});
Button('V1 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
this.exampleAppStorageV2.text += '1';
});
Column() {
}
.height(50);

  V1ToV2TwoChild();  
}.width('100%');  

}
}

@ComponentV2
struct V1ToV2TwoChild {
@Local exampleAppStorageV2: V1ToV2ExampleTwo =
AppStorageV2.connect<V1ToV2ExampleTwo>(V1ToV2ExampleTwo, () => new V1ToV2ExampleTwo('1'))!;

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V2子组件，AppStorageV2:${this.exampleAppStorageV2.text});
Button('V2 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
this.exampleAppStorageV2.text += '1';
});
};
}
}
实现效果如下：

点击放大

方案三：传参方式，该方案一共三种传递形式，适用于API19以前，API19以后建议使用方案一。
该场景下由于@Observed/@ObjectLink装饰器需要搭配使用，但是V2版本的子组件不能使用@ObjectLink装饰器，所以该场景下，不建议使用@Observed装饰器装饰的类作为传递的参数。使用ObservedV2/@Trace装饰器装饰的类，作为传递的参数。实现思路如下：
方式一：在V1组件内直接声明V2装饰器装饰的实例，不使用V1装饰器初始化，该实例可直接传递给V2版本的子组件。
方式二：创建一个不带任何装饰器装饰的类，内部再嵌套一个V2装饰器装饰的类，就可以实现在V1组件内用V1装饰器实例化该嵌套类。传递给V2版本的子组件时，将该嵌套对象内部的对象单独传递给V2版本的子组件即可。
方式三：在V1组件内通过V1版本装饰器声明的变量，在传递至V2版本的子组件时，用“{}”在外部构造为新的对象后，就可以允许传递给V2版本子组件。
注意
若方式三在V1组件内通过V1版本装饰器声明的变量是简单类型如string、number等，要实现在子组件中能修改父组件的变量，需要在父组件内实现一个修改该变量的函数，传递给子组件。子组件通过@Event接收，需要修改时直接调用该函数即可。
若方式三传递的是对象，由于@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰器装饰的类不能在V1组件内用V1版本的装饰器初始化，所以需要创建一个不带装饰器的类，然后才能用V1装饰器在V1组件内初始化。
完整示例代码如下：

@ObservedV2
class V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2 {
@Trace text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

class V1ToV2ExampleThree {
text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

class V1ToV2ExampleThreeFather {
example: V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2 = new V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2('1');
}

interface V1ToV2ExampleThreeFace {
text: string;
}

interface V1ToV2ExampleThreeFatherFace {
example: V1ToV2ExampleThree;
}

@Entry
@Component
struct V1ToV2Three {
// 方式一，不使用V1装饰器在V1组件内初始化V2装饰器@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰的类
exampleOne: V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2 = new V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2('1');
// 方式二，将V2装饰器@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰的类嵌套进不带任何装饰器装饰的类里，再进行初始化
@State exampleTwo: V1ToV2ExampleThreeFather = new V1ToV2ExampleThreeFather();
// 方式三，传递简单类型
@State text: string = '1';
// 方式三，传递对象
@State exampleThreeChange: V1ToV2ExampleThree = new V1ToV2ExampleThree('1');

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V1父组件，方式一，参数传递:${this.exampleOne.text});
Text(V1父组件，方式二，参数传递:${this.exampleTwo.example.text});
Text(V1父组件，方式三，简单类型参数传递:${this.text});
Text(V1父组件，方式三，对象参数传递:${this.exampleThreeChange.text});
Button('V1 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
// 方式一，数据在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleOne.text += '1';
// 方式二，数据在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleTwo.example.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递简单类型在V1子组件中修改方式
this.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递对象在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleThreeChange.text += '1';
});
Column() {
}
.height(20);

  V1ToV2ThreeChild({  
    // 方式一，可直接传递  
    exampleOne: this.exampleOne,  
    // 方式二，需要传递的数据为属性  
    exampleTwo: this.exampleTwo.example,  
    // 方式三，将字符串作为对象的属性传递  
    exampleThree: {  
      text: this.text  
    },  
    changeText: () => {  
      this.text += '1';  
    },  
    // 方式三，将声明的对象作为属性传递  
    exampleThreeChange: {  
      example: this.exampleThreeChange  
    }  
  });  
}.width('100%');  

}
}

@ComponentV2
struct V1ToV2ThreeChild {
// 方式一接收的数据
@Param @Require exampleOne: V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2;
// 方式二接收的数据
@Param @Require exampleTwo: V1ToV2ExampleThreeV2;
// 方式三（传递简单类型）接收的数据
@Param @Require exampleThree: V1ToV2ExampleThreeFace;
// 父组件传递的是简单类型变量时必备，不然无法同步修改父组件字符串内容
@Event changeText: () => void = () => {
};
// 方式三（传递对象）接收的数据
@Param @Require exampleThreeChange: V1ToV2ExampleThreeFatherFace;

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V2子组件，方式一，参数传递:${this.exampleOne.text});
Text(V2子组件，方式二，参数传递:${this.exampleTwo.text});
Text(V2子组件，方式三，简单类型参数传递:${this.exampleThree.text});
Text(V2子组件，方式三，对象参数传递:${this.exampleThreeChange.example.text});
Button('V2 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
// 方式一，数据在V2子组件中修改方式
this.exampleOne.text += '1';
// 方式二，数据在V2子组件中修改方式
this.exampleTwo.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递简单类型在V2子组件中修改方式
this.changeText();
// 方式三，传递对象在V2子组件中修改方式
this.exampleThreeChange.example.text += '1';
});
};
}
}
实现效果如下：

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场景二：实现V2版本组件向V1版本组件传递与共享数据。
方案一：API19之后，使用UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility方法，详情可参考官网链接：V2中使用V1的自定义组件。
方案二：全局获取方式，通过AppStorage/AppStorageV2实现，适用于API19以前，API19以后建议使用方案一。
该方案与场景一中方案二实现思路基本一致，额外补充如下：

V2版本的父组件不能通过AppStorage中的@StorageLink自动同步刷新，只能通过AppStorage.get手动获取，建议通过AppStorageV2实现。

完整示例代码如下：

import { AppStorageV2 } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@ObservedV2
class V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2 {
@Trace text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct V2ToV1Two {
@Local exampleAppStorageV2: V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2 =
AppStorageV2.connect<V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2>(V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2, () => new V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2('1'))!;

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V2父组件，AppStorageV2:${this.exampleAppStorageV2.text});
Button('V2 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
this.exampleAppStorageV2.text += '1';
});
Column() {
}
.height(50);

  V2ToV1TwoChild();  
}.width('100%');  

}
}

@Component
struct V2ToV1TwoChild {
exampleAppStorageV2: V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2 =
AppStorageV2.connect<V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2>(V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2, () => new V2ToV1ExampleTwoV2('1'))!; // 不可直接使用V1装饰器装饰

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V1子组件，AppStorageV2:${this.exampleAppStorageV2.text});
Button('V1 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
this.exampleAppStorageV2.text += '1';
});
};
}
}
实现效果如下：

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方案三：传参方式，适用于API19以前，API19以后建议使用方案一。
该方案与场景一中方案三实现思路基本一致，额外补充如下：
该场景下V2组件作为父组件，V1组件作为子组件。@ObjectLink装饰器可以在V1子组件内使用，所以传递的参数既可以是@Observed装饰器装饰的类，也可以是@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰器装饰的类（@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰器的场景参考下文“方式三，对象参数传递”的场景）。
V2组件作为子组件时，只能通过@Param装饰器接收参数，但是当V1组件作为子组件时，可以通过@Prop、@ObjectLink、@Link三种装饰器接收参数。但是根据知识背景中的混用校验规则，@Link只能被V1状态变量初始化，详情见@Link变量的传递/访问规则说明，所以使用@Prop、@ObjectLink接收V2父组件传递来的参数。
在实现“方式三，对象参数传递”的场景时，由于@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰的类可以直接在V2组件内声明，所以将@ObservedV2/@Trace装饰的类实例化后作为属性传递即可。
完整示例代码如下：
@Observed
class V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1 {
text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

class V2ToV1ExampleThreeFather {
example: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1 = new V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1('1');
}

@ObservedV2
class V2ToV1ExampleThreeV2 {
@Trace text: string = '1';

constructor(text: string) {
this.text = text;
}
}

interface V2ToV1ExampleThreeFatherV2Face {
example: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV2;
}

interface V2ToV1ExampleThreeFace {
text: string;
}

@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct V2ToV1Three {
// 方式一，不使用V2装饰器在V2组件内初始化V1装饰器@Observed装饰的类
exampleOne: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1 = new V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1('1');
// 方式二，将V1装饰器@Observed装饰的类嵌套进不带任何装饰器装饰的类里，再进行初始化
@Local exampleTwo: V2ToV1ExampleThreeFather = new V2ToV1ExampleThreeFather();
// 方式三，传递简单类型
@Local text: string = '1';
// 方式三，@ObservedV2装饰的类的实例化后传递
@Local exampleFour: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV2 = new V2ToV1ExampleThreeV2('1');

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V2父组件，方式一，参数传递:${this.exampleOne.text}); // 不刷新
Text(V2父组件，方式二，参数传递:${this.exampleTwo.example.text}); // 不刷新
Text(V2父组件，方式三，简单类型参数传递:${this.text}); // 刷新
Text(V2父组件，方式三，对象参数传递:${this.exampleFour.text}); // 刷新
Button('V2 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
// 方式一，数据在V2父组件中修改方式
this.exampleOne.text += '1';
// 方式二，数据在V2父组件中修改方式
this.exampleTwo.example.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递简单类型在V2父组件中修改方式
this.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递@ObservedV2装饰的对象在V2父组件中修改方式
this.exampleFour.text += '1';
});
Column() {
}
.height(20);

  V2ToV1ThreeChild({  
    // 方式一，可直接传递  
    exampleOne: this.exampleOne,  
    // 方式二，传递的是封装后的属性  
    exampleTwo: this.exampleTwo.example,  
    // 方式三，将字符串作为对象的属性传递  
    exampleThree: {  
      text: this.text  
    },  
    changeText: () => {  
      this.text += '1';  
    },  
    // 方式三，将声明的@ObservedV2装饰的对象作为属性传递  
    exampleFour: {  
      example: this.exampleFour  
    }  
  });  
}.width('100%');  

}
}

@Component
struct V2ToV1ThreeChild {
// 方式一接收的数据
@Prop exampleOne: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1;
// 方式二接受的数据
@ObjectLink exampleTwo: V2ToV1ExampleThreeV1;
// 方式三（传递简单类型）接收的数据
@Prop exampleThree: V2ToV1ExampleThreeFace;
// 父组件传递的是简单类型变量时必备，不然无法同步修改父组件字符串内容
changeText: () => void = () => {
};
// 方式三（传递对象）接收的数据
@ObjectLink exampleFour: V2ToV1ExampleThreeFatherV2Face;

build() {
Column({ space: 10 }) {
Text(V1子组件，方式一，参数传递:${this.exampleOne.text});
Text(V1子组件，方式二，参数传递:${this.exampleTwo.text});
Text(V1子组件，方式三，简单类型参数传递:${this.exampleThree.text});
Text(V1子组件，方式三，对象参数传递:${this.exampleFour.example.text});
Button('V1 中修改')
.onClick(() => {
// 方式一，数据在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleOne.text += '1';
// 方式二，数据在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleTwo.text += '1';
// 方式三，传递简单类型在V1子组件中修改方式
this.changeText();
// 方式三，传递对象在V1子组件中修改方式
this.exampleFour.example.text += '1';
});
};
}
}
实现效果如下：

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注意
@Observed/@ObjectLink可以实现父组件修改深层属性后，刷新子组件对应属性绑定的UI的功能，但是当子组件内修改深层属性，父组件并不会刷新对应属性绑定的UI。所以除了通过方式三以外的方式一、方式二不会刷新父组件绑定的对应属性的UI。

常见FAQ
Q：使用Navigation导航的应用在V1版本中用的是@Provide/@Consume装饰器传递的NavPathStack路由栈。在V1迁移V2过程中，Navigation主页被修改为V2版本，子页依旧是保持的V1版本。此时应该怎样传递NavPathStack路由栈给子页面？

A：由于@ComponentV2内不能使用V1版本的@Provide/@Consume装饰器，@Component内不能使用V2版本的@Provider/@Consumer装饰器，所以当父子组件分别属于V1、V2版本时，不能使用@Provider/@Consumer、@Provide/@Consume去实现组件见页面的共享与数据传递。可参考解决方案如下：

使用AppStorage存储或者获取数据：在Navigation主页面通过AppStorage.setOrCreate进行全局存储，在V1版本的NavDestination子页面内直接通过@StorageLink进行全局路由栈获取。
使用AppStorageV2存储或者获取数据：分别在父组件与子组件通过pathStack: NavPathStack = AppStorageV2.connect(NavPathStack, () => new NavPathStack())!;创建或获取全局路由栈。
如果页面中使用了NavDestination组件，可以通过onReady事件获取路由栈：.onReady((context: NavDestinationContext) => {this.pathInfos = context.pathStack})，从而避免状态管理版本冲突的问题。
通过自定义组件查询接口获取，也可以避免状态管理传递冲突的问题，参考queryNavigationInfo。
Q：在V1迁移V2的过程中，存在部分三方库是V1版本实现，还没适配V2版本，应该如何将V2版本的数据传递给V1版本三方库？

A：建议参考场景二中方案一，方案三实现。该场景下，方案二AppStorageV2.connect没办法写进三方库内。

总结
在API19之后，优先推荐使用官方提供的UIUtils.enableV2Compatibility方法实现V1、V2版本之间父子组件的数据传递与共享。
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仓库地址

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问题现象
参照Scroll的示例3，实现了tabBar在页面顶部的悬停效果。

如果页面顶部还有一个标题栏（即下图中“首页”），现在要实现tab内容向上滚动时tabBar悬停到标题栏下方（即下图中“同城”，“推荐”，“活动”，“玩机”这一行），且可以实现标题栏在滚动过程中样式变化（如下图背景变化），该如何实现？

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背景知识
Stack：堆叠容器，子组件按照顺序依次入栈，后一个子组件覆盖前一个子组件。

Scroll：可滚动的容器组件，当子组件的布局尺寸超过父组件的尺寸时，内容可以滚动。

nestedScroll：设置前后两个方向的嵌套滚动模式，实现与父组件的滚动联动。
onDidScroll：滚动事件回调，Scroll滚动时触发。
解决方案
使用Stack层叠布局，将标题栏悬浮展示在页面顶部。
考虑页面滚动以及tabContent里面的list滚动，就要考虑滚动嵌套问题，目前场景需要选择：
向上滚动时：父组件先滚动，父组件滚动到边缘以后自身滚动；
向下滚动时：自身先滚动，自身滚动到边缘以后父组件滚动。
示例代码如下：

.nestedScroll({
scrollForward: NestedScrollMode.PARENT_FIRST,
scrollBackward: NestedScrollMode.SELF_FIRST
});

父组件滚动过程中，根据滚动偏移量线性修改标题栏样式（如字体大小、透明度、背景等），onDidScroll可以返回当前帧滚动的偏移量和当前滚动状态。
示例代码如下：
@Entry
@Component
struct StickyNestedScroll {
@State arr: number[] = [];
@State opacityNum: number = 0;
@State curYOffset: number = 0;
@State currentIndex: number = 0;

aboutToAppear() {
for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
this.arr.push(i);
}
}

@Styles
listCard() {
.backgroundColor('#FFF')
.height(64)
.width('calc(100% - 32vp)')
.borderRadius(20)
.margin({
left: 16,
right: 16,
});
}

@Builder
tabBuilder(title: string, targetIndex: number) {
Column() {
Text(title)
.fontColor(this.currentIndex === targetIndex ? '#FFF' : '#000')
.fontSize(14)
.fontWeight(this.currentIndex === targetIndex ? 500 : 400);
}
.height(36)
.padding({
left: 16,
right: 16,
})
.margin({ left: 8 })
.borderRadius(20)
.backgroundColor(this.currentIndex === targetIndex ? '#0A59F7' : 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)')
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center);
}

build() {
Stack() {
Scroll() {
Column() {
Image($r('app.media.scrollTopbg')) // 图片资源需自行替换
.width('100%')
.height(300);
Tabs({ barPosition: BarPosition.Start }) {
ForEach(this.arr.slice(0, 6),
(item: number, index: number) => {
TabContent() {
List({ space: 16 }) {
ForEach(this.arr, (item1: number) => {
ListItem() {
Text('item' + item1)
.fontSize(16).fontWeight(400);
}.listCard();
}, (item1: string) => item1);
}.width('100%')
.edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.None)
.nestedScroll({
scrollForward: NestedScrollMode.PARENT_FIRST,
scrollBackward: NestedScrollMode.SELF_FIRST
});

            }.tabBar(this.tabBuilder(`标签${item + 1}`, index));  
          }, (item: number, index: number) => JSON.stringify(item) + index);  
      }  
      .onChange((index) => {  
        this.currentIndex = index;  
      })  
      .barMode(BarMode.Scrollable)  
      .barHeight(72)  
      .vertical(false)  
      .width('100%')  
      .height('calc(100% - 80vp)');  
    }.width('100%');  
  }  
  .friction(0.6)  
  .scrollBar(BarState.Off)  
  .width('100%')  
  .height('100%')  
  .onDidScroll((xOffset: number, yOffset: number, scrollState: ScrollState): void => {  
    // 累计计算当前父组件滚动在Y轴方向的偏移量  
    this.curYOffset += yOffset;  
    // 根据父组件一共可以滚动的距离计算当前每帧的当前透明度  
    let opacity = this.curYOffset / 220;  
    if (opacity >= 1) {  
      opacity = 1;  
    }  
    if (opacity <= 0) {  
      opacity = 0;  
    }  
    this.opacityNum = opacity;  
    console.info(`xOffset: ${xOffset},scrollState:${scrollState}`);  
  });  

  // 悬浮标题栏  
  Text('工作台')  
    .fontSize(24)  
    .fontColor('#000')  
    .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)  
    .backgroundColor(`rgba(255,255,255,${this.opacityNum})`)  
    .position({ x: 0, y: 0 })  
    .width('100%')  
    .height(80)  
    .padding({ left: 16, top: 44 });  
}.width('100%')  
.height('100%').background('#F1F3F5');  

}
}
效果如图：

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总结
悬浮类布局首先考虑Stack层叠布局。
嵌套滚动，考虑父子组件之间的先后滚动模式，选择合适的滚动模式。
滚动过程中，获取当前滚动每帧偏移量和滚动状态，做合适的UI更新。
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问题现象
如何在画布中心点实现Matrix2D图形指定倍数的放大和指定角度的旋转？

背景知识
Matrix2D组件的方法rotate，能够以旋转点为中心、对当前矩阵进行右乘旋转运算，调用公式为：rotate(degree: number, rx?: number, ry?: number)，其中degree为旋转角度，rx和ry为旋转中心点相对[0,0]点的水平和垂直方向坐标，如果[0,0]点通过translate发生移动，则以新的点计算相对的rx和ry值。
translate方法能够对当前矩阵进行左乘平移运算，调用公式为：translate(tx?: number, ty?: number)。
scale方法能够对当前矩阵进行右乘缩放运算，调用公式为：scale(sx?: number, sy?: number)，其中sx和sy为水平和垂直缩放比例系数。以[0,0]为基准进行缩放，如果[0,0]点通过translate发生移动，则以移动后的点为基准点进行缩放。
解决方案
使用Flex布局将Canvas组件居中显示，创建矩形。
使用rotate方法对矩阵进行旋转操作，旋转角度由angle决定，旋转中心为矩形的中心；使用scale方法对矩阵进行缩放操作，缩放倍数由scaleTimesX和scaleTimesY决定，以中心点为基准进行缩放。rotate和scale存在调用顺序，遵循就近原则，因此需要将scale方法的使用放在rotate上方。
使用translate方法对矩阵进行平移操作，将画布的原点移动到画布的中心，即可将图形移动至画布中心。将经过变换的矩阵应用到CanvasRenderingContext2D对象上。
用fillRect()方法在画布上绘制矩形。
完整示例参考如下：
@Entry
@Component
struct MatrixChange {
private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true);
private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings);
private matrix: Matrix2D = new Matrix2D();
x: number = 50; // 图形大小
y: number = 50; // 图形大小
canvasWidth: number = 200; // 画布大小
canvasHeight: number = 200; // 画布大小
scaleTimesX: number = 2; // 缩放设置
scaleTimesY: number = 2; // 缩放设置
angle: number = -30; // 旋转角度

build() {
Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
Canvas(this.context)
.width(this.canvasWidth)
.height(this.canvasHeight)
.backgroundColor('#0D5AF5')
.onReady(() => {
this.matrix.scaleX = 1;
this.matrix.scaleY = 1;
this.matrix.scale(this.scaleTimesX, this.scaleTimesY);
this.matrix.rotate(this.angle Math.PI / 180, this.x / 2, this.y / 2);
this.matrix.translate(this.canvasWidth / 2, this.canvasHeight / 2);
this.matrix.translate(-this.x this.scaleTimesX / 2, -this.y * this.scaleTimesY / 2);
this.context.setTransform(this.matrix);
this.context.fillRect(0, 0, this.x, this.y);
});
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%');
}
}
总结
Matrix2D图形能够在画布中心点放大指定倍数并旋转指定角度，该功能适用于需要展示图形并对其进行各种变换的场景，例如数据可视化、图形编辑器等。
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问题现象
在不同的场景下，如何实现将单个组件、页面或者整个app置灰的效果，具体场景如下：

场景

场景说明

场景一：单个组件置灰

将单个组件颜色置灰，其他组件不受影响，例如将一张彩色图片变成灰白色图片

场景二：单个页面置灰

在多个页面场景中，只将其中某个页面颜色置灰，其他页面不受影响

场景三：所有页面置灰

将app中的所有页面颜色置灰，例如当发生一些重大事件（哀悼日）时，要求将整个app的页面颜色统一设置为灰色

背景知识
Navigation：路由导航的根视图容器，一般作为Page页面的根容器使用，其内部默认包含了标题栏、内容区和工具栏，其中内容区默认首页显示导航内容（Navigation的子组件）或非首页显示（NavDestination的子组件），首页和非首页通过路由进行切换。
grayscale：为组件添加灰度效果。上层渲染灰度会覆盖下层子组件渲染。值定义为灰度转换的比例，入参1则完全转为灰度图像，入参0则图像无变化，入参在0和1之间时，效果呈线性变化。
saturate：为组件添加饱和度效果，饱和度为颜色中的含色成分和消色成分(灰)的比例，入参为1时，显示原图像，大于1时含色成分越大，饱和度越大，小于1时消色成分越大，饱和度越小。
解决方案
场景一：单个组件置灰。
通过给Image组件添加grayscale属性并将属性值设置为1来实现图片置灰效果，或者使用saturate属性并将属性值设置为0来实现图片置灰效果。示例代码如下：
@Entry
@Component
struct GrayDemo {
@State grayscaleValue: number = 0; // 灰度默认为0，正常显示
@State saturateValue: number = 1; // 饱和度默认为1，正常显示

build() {
Row() {
Column() {
Text('grayscale:')
Image($r('app.media.startIcon'))
.autoResize(true)
.width(100)
.height(100)
.margin(16)
.grayscale(this.grayscaleValue) // 设置图片灰度效果
Button('一键置灰').onClick(() => {
this.grayscaleValue = 1; // 设置灰度为100%
})

    Text('saturate:').margin({ top: 16 })  
    Image($r('app.media.startIcon'))  
      .autoResize(true)  
      .width(100)  
      .height(100)  
      .margin(16)  
      .saturate(this.saturateValue) // 设置图片的饱和度  
    Button('一键置灰').onClick(() => {  
      this.saturateValue = 0; // 将饱和度设置为0，显示灰白  
    })  
  }  
}  
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)  
.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)  
.width('100%')  
.height('100%')  

}
}
效果图如下：

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场景二：单个页面置灰。
在多个页面场景，如果只有某个页面需要置灰，其他页面不变，只需将相应页面根元素设置grayscale属性为1。

首先定义一个变量grayscaleValueSingle，本页面根组件Column设置grayscale属性，分别给用于实现本页面置灰和还原效果的Button绑定onClick事件，该事件用于修改grayscaleValueSingle的值，当该值变化时，即可实现本页面的置灰效果，子页面没有置灰。

效果图如下：

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场景三：所有页面置灰。Navigation设置的一些属性会影响所有的页面，将主页的Navigation组件设置grayscale属性为1，可实现所有页面置灰的效果。完整示例代码如下：主页Index.ets示例代码如下：
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
@State grayscaleValueAll: number = 0; // 灰度默认为0，正常显示
@State grayscaleValueSingle: number = 0;
pageStack: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

build() {
Navigation(this.pageStack) {
Column() {
Button('前往子页', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.margin(20)
.onClick(() => {
this.pageStack.pushPathByName('PageOne', null, false);
})
Image($r('app.media.startIcon'))
.width('50%')
.height('30%')
Button('本页面置灰', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.margin(20)
.onClick(() => {
this.grayscaleValueSingle = 1; // 设置灰度为100%
})
Button('全局置灰', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.onClick(() => {
this.grayscaleValueAll = 1; // 设置灰度为100%
})
Button('还原', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.margin(20)
.onClick(() => {
this.grayscaleValueAll = 0;
this.grayscaleValueSingle = 0;
})
}.grayscale(this.grayscaleValueSingle)
}
.title('主页')
.grayscale(this.grayscaleValueAll)
}
}
子页PageOne.ets示例代码如下：

@Builder
export function PageOneBuilder() {
PageOne()
}

@Entry
@Component
struct PageOne {
build() {
NavDestination() {
Column() {
Button('这是子页', { stateEffect: true, type: ButtonType.Capsule })
.width('80%')
.height(40)
.margin(20)
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
}
}
}
route_map需放置在项目名/src/main/resources/base/profile/route_map.json路径下，具体代码如下：

{
"routerMap": [
{
"name": "PageOne",
"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
"buildFunction": "PageOneBuilder",
"data": {
"description": "This is PageOne"
}
}
]
}
在module.json5配置文件的module标签中定义routerMap字段，指向定义的路由表配置文件route_map.json，如："routerMap": "$profile:route_map"。

效果图如下：

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常见FAQ
Q：在Navigation组件中添加的属性，在NavDestination组件中也会生效吗？

A：NavDestination作为子页面的根容器，用于显示Navigation的内容区。NavDestination组件在渲染时会使用到Navigation组件中添加的属性。
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问题现象
当CustomDialog内部嵌套Navigation容器时，弹窗设置底部显示alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom时失效，问题代码如下：

@CustomDialog
export struct MyDialog {
controller: CustomDialogController;

build() {
Navigation() {
Column() {
Text('我是弹窗')
.margin({ top: 20 });
}
.width('100%')
.height(200)
.backgroundColor(Color.White);
};
}
}

@Entry
@Component
struct Dialog {
myDiaController: CustomDialogController = new CustomDialogController({
builder: MyDialog({}),
customStyle: true, // 弹窗容器样式是否自定义
autoCancel: false, // 是否允许点击遮障层退出
alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom, // 弹窗在竖直方向上的对齐，底部对齐失效
});

onPageShow(): void {
this.myDiaController.open();
}

build() {
}
}
问题现象如下：

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背景知识
CustomDialog：是一种常见的自定义弹窗方式，当其内部嵌套Navigation容器时，Navigation容器在不设置高度的情况下会默认撑满屏幕，而Navigation内部默认至上而下显示，所以导致弹窗的底部显示命令在显示效果上没有生效。

解决方案
由于Navigation在不设置高度时，默认撑满整个手机屏幕，导致嵌套Navigation的弹窗也是全屏显示，从而导致DialogAlignment.Bottom从体验上未生效。实际逻辑是弹窗已经是全屏显示，弹窗底部对齐后依旧是全屏显示。
为Navigation容器设置高度限制（本示例设置300vp），并设置背景颜色为蓝色后，可以发现弹窗为底部对齐效果：
@CustomDialog
export struct MyDialog {
controller: CustomDialogController;
pathStack: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

build() {
// 弹窗内使用Navigation可实现弹窗内路由跳转，从而更换弹窗内显示的页面
Navigation(this.pathStack) {
Column() {
Text('我是弹窗')
.margin({ top: 20 });
}
.width('100%')
.height(200)
.backgroundColor(Color.White);
}
.height(300)
.backgroundColor('#0a59f7');
}
}

@Entry
@Component
struct DialogDemo {
myDialogController: CustomDialogController = new CustomDialogController({
builder: MyDialog({}),
customStyle: true, // 弹窗容器样式是否自定义
autoCancel: false, // 是否允许点击遮障层退出
alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom, // 弹窗在竖直方向上的对齐，底部对齐失效
});

onPageShow(): void {
this.myDialogController.open();
}

build() {
}
}
实现效果如下：

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上图中弹窗为白色与蓝色部分（其中白色是弹窗中子组件背景色，蓝色是弹窗背景色），弹窗底部对齐。

总结
多数情况下，父容器的大小在未设置尺寸限制的情况下默认自适应子组件大小，所以，该思维惯性会陷入一个误区：默认Navigation容器未设置尺寸时会自适应其子组件Column的高度200vp，从而默认弹窗高度是200vp、底部对齐命令未生效。而实际上，部分容器在未设置尺寸限制时会默认全屏显示，例如Navigation、Tabs等。
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uniapp x蒸汽模式希望官方出一个 wgt热更新，或是出一个热更新的解决方案，便于APP后期持续开发

问题现象
跟随键盘的工具栏如何实现？

背景知识
自定义弹窗（CustomDialog）：通过CustomDialogController类显示自定义弹窗。使用弹窗组件时，优先考虑自定义弹窗，便于弹窗样式与内容的自定义。
defaultFocus：设置当前组件是否为当前页面上的默认焦点。
on('keyboardHeightChange')：开启固定态软键盘高度变化的监听，当软键盘由本窗口唤出并存在重叠区域时通知键盘高度变化。
Stack：堆叠容器，子组件按照顺序依次入栈，后一个子组件覆盖前一个子组件。
alignContent：设置子组件在容器内的对齐方式。该属性与通用属性align同时设置时，后设置的属性生效。
解决方案
针对跟随键盘的工具栏，可采用以下两种实现方案：

方案一：使用CustomDialog组件自定义工具栏。以下示例通过点击文本组件使弹窗自动获焦，设置弹窗从底部弹出，并为弹窗添加弹出与关闭时的过渡动画，以实现跟随键盘的动画效果。
// 自定义对话框组件，用于显示输入框
@CustomDialog
@Component
export struct Dialog {
dialogController: CustomDialogController;

build() {
Column() {
TextInput({ text: '', placeholder: 'input your word...' })
.type(InputType.Normal)
.defaultFocus(true) // 设置为默认聚焦状态
.onBlur(() => {
// 输入框失去焦点时关闭对话框
this.dialogController.close();
})
.height('50%')
.margin({ top: 25, left: 16, right: 16 });
}
.height(100)
.backgroundColor(Color.White);
}
}

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
message: string = 'Hello World';
// 自定义对话框控制器，配置对话框的显示参数
customDialogController: CustomDialogController = new CustomDialogController({
builder: Dialog(), // 设置对话框内容组件
alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom, // 对话框从底部弹出
cornerRadius: 0,
customStyle: true,
openAnimation: { duration: 0.001, tempo: 0 }, // 打开弹窗时动画设置
closeAnimation: { duration: 0.001, tempo: 0 }, // 关闭弹窗时动画设置
});

build() {
Column() {
// 点击按钮打开对话框
Text(this.message)
.onClick(() => {
this.customDialogController.open(); // 触发对话框显示
})
.id('HelloWorld')
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold);
}
.height('100%')
.width('100%');
}
}
效果预览：

点击放大

方案二：自定义工具栏组件，借助堆叠容器Stack进行页面布局，将组件设置为底部横向居中。定义状态变量isVisible以控制自定义工具栏的显示与隐藏：在TextInput组件聚焦时显示，失焦时隐藏。同时，通过on('keyboardHeightChange')方法监听软键盘高度变化，依据键盘高度动态调整自定义工具栏的位置，使其紧贴于键盘上方。
import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
message: string = '图文信息区域';
// 控制自定义工具栏组件可见性
@State isVisible: Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
// 存储键盘高度信息
@State keyboardHeight: string = '0px';
controller: RichEditorController = new RichEditorController();

// 页面加载时监听键盘高度变化
aboutToAppear(): void {
window.getLastWindow(this.getUIContext().getHostContext()).then((win) => {
win.on('keyboardHeightChange', (height) => {
console.info('height' + height.toString());
if (height) {
this.keyboardHeight = height.toString() + 'px'; // 保存键盘高度
this.isVisible = Visibility.Visible; // 显示自定义组件
} else {
this.isVisible = Visibility.Hidden; // 隐藏自定义组件
}
});
});
}

build() {
// 使用Stack布局，底部对齐
Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Bottom }) {
Column() {
Text(this.message)
.fontSize(52)
.height('90%')
.width('100%')
.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
.fontColor(Color.Black);
// 操作按钮行
Row() {
Text('点击拉起键盘')
.fontColor(Color.White)
.width('90%')
.height('40')
.backgroundColor('#ff1a73f8')
.borderRadius(20)
.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
.margin({ left: 16, right: 16 })
.onClick(() => {
this.isVisible = Visibility.Visible; // 显示自定义组件
setTimeout(() => {
focusControl.requestFocus('textArea'); // 焦点切换到输入框
}, 10);
});
}.height('10%').width('100%');
}
.expandSafeArea([SafeAreaType.KEYBOARD], [SafeAreaEdge.BOTTOM]); // 适配键盘区域

  // 遮罩层（点击隐藏自定义）  
  Column()  
    .width('100%')  
    .height('120%')  
    .opacity(0.5)  
    .backgroundColor('rgba(0,0,0,0.5)')  
    .onClick(() => {  
      this.isVisible = Visibility.Hidden; // 隐藏自定义组件  
    })  
    .visibility(this.isVisible)  
    .expandSafeArea([SafeAreaType.KEYBOARD], [SafeAreaEdge.BOTTOM, SafeAreaEdge.TOP]);  
  // 动态加载自定义组件  
  CommentComponent({ isVisible: this.isVisible, keyboardHeight: this.keyboardHeight });  
};  

}

// 页面卸载时隐藏自定义组件
aboutToDisappear(): void {
this.isVisible = Visibility.Hidden;
}
}

// 自定义工具栏组件
@Component
struct CommentComponent {
controller: RichEditorController = new RichEditorController();
@Link isVisible: Visibility;
@Link keyboardHeight: string;

build() {
Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.ColumnReverse, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start, alignItems: ItemAlign.Stretch }) {
Row() {
RichEditor({ controller: this.controller })
.id('textArea') // 设置输入框ID用于焦点控制
.placeholder('喜欢就评论一下吧~', { fontColor: Color.Gray, font: { size: 16, weight: FontWeight.Normal } })
.width('65%');
Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, justifyContent: FlexAlign.End, alignItems: ItemAlign.Stretch }) {
Image($r('app.media.startIcon')).height(20).constraintSize({ minWidth: 20, maxWidth: 20 });
}
.width(110);
}
.margin({
top: 10,
bottom: this.keyboardHeight, // 根据键盘高度设置动态调整底部边距
left: 10,
right: 10
})
.border({ width: 1 })
.borderRadius(50);
}
.width('100%')
.height(380)
.expandSafeArea([SafeAreaType.KEYBOARD], [SafeAreaEdge.BOTTOM, SafeAreaEdge.TOP]) // 适配键盘区域
.backgroundColor(Color.White)
.visibility(this.isVisible);
}
}
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